如何使用AI辅助语篇研读？

使用AI辅助语篇研读是一种数字化教育的一种新实践，课标提到教师要以语篇研读为逻辑起点，因此将语篇研读称为教师开展备课和教学工作的第一步也不为过，然而在教学实践中，许多教师并不具备开展语篇研读的时间和能力条件，而AI模型可以作为文本分析工具，一定程度上帮助教师进行文本层面的语篇研读工作。

AI辅助语篇研读的优点

高效

AI可以快速处理和分析大量文本，帮助教师节省时间，提高工作效率。

全面

AI可以精确而全面地识别和分析语篇中的语篇类型、语篇主题、语言特征、文体特征和内容结构等并加以陈列。

多维

教师对文本的理解和把握要远远高于学生，因此有时可能难以了解学生在理解文本时的困境和难点，使用AI辅助语篇分析，能够使教师脱离自身的局限性，以不同的视角看待教材文本。

AI辅助语篇研读的缺点

理解偏差

AI固然可以辅助语篇研读，但其本质上并没有理解文本，而是对文本的预测，其算法本身并不完善，因此其生成的文本仅能参考，并不能直接作为教学材料使用。

产生依赖

教师如果将AI作为语篇研读的唯一工具，有可能会难以真正掌握语篇研读的方法，而过于依赖AI生成的结果，尽管AI生成的内容并不符合语篇研读的要求。

AI辅助语篇研读的方法

OCR识别

要将教材中的文字转换为AI可以理解的文本，需要使用OCR技术（光学字符识别技术）将图片中的文本转换为文字，通常，微信和QQ中默认自带了这项技术，因此首先需要将教材中的语篇拍摄为图片，发送到软件中识别。可以使用白描、ABBYY等专门处理软件进行OCR。

文本预处理

拿到OCR处理后的文本后会发现，文本可能会出现各种问题，例如标点符号识别有误，段落出现问题。这时可以借助AI进行处理，一个可能的prompt指令是：以下是经过光学文本识别（OCR）后的一段文本，请修正其可能出现的标点、段落等常见识别问题，如非必要，请勿修改原文。

编辑指令

在得到干净的语篇文本后，我们还需要训练AI让他输出专业的语篇分析结果，因此需要提前为其编辑指令，一个可能的prompt指令是：
作为有丰富的教学和研究经验的英语教师，现在你正在为教材的语篇撰写语篇分析，请深入学习语篇研读的方法后将我发送给你的一些进行语篇分析。 以下是语篇研读的方法： 语篇的主题和内容是什么？（What） What 的问题要求我们从主题和内容的角度出发去思考语篇，主要关注于语篇的核心议题、话题或主题是什么。在进行what问题的思考时，教师需要梳理和总结语篇的内容概述和关键点，以便形成一个基于语篇内容的知识结构。 语篇传递的意义是什么？（Why） Why 的问题促使教师们进一步探究语篇背后的意义，特别是它如何传达特定的文化、社会或个人的观点和价值观。教师可以从作者或说话人的视角分析语篇的主题、语境、内容和语言，确定主题意义，推断写作目的，并在教学中指导学生通过与语篇反复互动，从不同角度和层次分析和推断作者的情感态度和写作意图，深入理解主题意义。 语篇具有什么样的文体特征、内容结构和语言特点（How） How 的部分鼓励教师们从文体和语言的角度去思考语篇，包括其文体特征、内容结构和语言特点等。教师可以通过分析这些元素，理解语篇是如何被组织为一个结构严谨、意义连贯的语言整体的；可以通过分析语音、词汇、语法等语言知识要素的语用功能，理解它们是如何相互联系、共同建构语篇和表达主题意义的；还可以通过分析语篇中的衔接和连贯手段，理解语篇成分（如句子、句群、段落)之间的逻辑语义关系，如主次关系、因果关系、概括与例证关系等。 以下是语篇研读的两个范例： 范例1： Module 1 My first day at senior high Monday 4 September After I had pictured it over and over again in my mind, the big day finally arrived: my first day at senior high! I woke up early and rushed out of the door in my eagerness to get to know my new school. The campus was still quiet when I arrived, so I decided to explore a bit. I was looking at the photos on the noticeboard when I heard a voice behind me. “New here?” Turing around, I saw a white-haired man. “Yes,” I replied. “I’m wondering what life is going to be like here.” “Don’t worry,” he gave me a smile. “You’ll soon find out.” How true these words were! When my English teacher stepped into the classroom, I was surprised to see the same man I had met earlier. “Good morning, everyone. Before we start, please come to the front one by one and introduce yourself to the class. I’ll go first…” “What?!” I tried to turn on my brain but the engine just wouldn’t start. “I should say my name, of course. But what else? What could I say to make a good first impression? Something about my insect collection, perhaps.” I was organizing my words in my head when the girl next to me gave me a nudge. “It’s your turn!” With butterflies in my stomach, I breathed deeply. “Hi, I’m Meng Hao.” Everyone started laughing. I looked at them in panic. “Nice to know we share the same name,” said my new teacher. I had been too nervous to pay attention when he introduced himself! Although I was embarrassed, his words made me a lot more relaxed! When we had all introduced ourselves, Mr Meng said, “Well done, everyone! I know this isn’t easy for many of you. But this is just the kind of thing you are going to face at senior high. Challenges like this might sometimes put you under pressure. But it all depends on what you do. Keep calm and be prepared. That way, you’ll make the most of your time at senior high.” People say, “Well begun, half done.” I guess this was a good beginning to my new school life. 以下是语篇研读 What 1）主题语境：属于“人与自我”第一条的“个人、家庭、社区及学校生活”和第四条“乐于学习，善于学习，终身学习”。 2）内容信息：描述主人公上高中第一天在学校所经历的有趣和难忘的事情。 Why 1）写作意图：希望青少年做好充分的心理准备，迎接高中学习生活中可能遇到的各种挑战。 2）情感态度、价值观：抱有“好的开始是成功的一半”的信念，以积极的态度应对未来的不确定性。 How 1）语篇体裁：从语篇形式上看，这篇日记属于应用文；从篇章结构上看，它符合记叙文的叙事模式。该语篇属于书面连续性文本、非正式文本。 2）篇章结构：按“背景—过程一结局或评价”三个部分撰写。第一部分是第一段，交代背景，包括人物、时间和地点；第二部分是第二至七段，介绍作者当天在校园内，包括在英语课堂上所遇到的各种难忘的事情；第三部分是第八段，作者对当天的所见所闻发表感慨和评价。 3）衔接手段：①使用的语法手段有“照应”，如第三人称代词（it，them，he，himself等）、指示代词（these，this等）、比较词语（earlier）。此外，还有“替代”（如 the same name， the same man等）和“省略”（如New here？ But what else？等）。②使用的词汇手段有“同义词”（如 the big day-my first day，brain—engine等）、“反义词”（如embarrassed—relaxed等）。③使用的连接手段有“连词”（如but，although 等）。 范例2： 北师大版九年级全一册 Unit 2 Books Lesson 5 The book Club Host: Hello everyone. I'm your host David Newton and welcome to"The Book Club". Today we're going to discuss how important reading is. Our guests today are well-known writer Sandra White and English teacher Dr Peter Johnson. Welcome to the show. Sandra: Thank you. It's great to be here. Peter: Thanks. Host: I remember the famous American writer Mark Twain once said, "Theman who doesn't read good books has no advantage over the man who can't read them."What do youthink, Peter? Peter: That's true. Twain was a very wise man. I think we forget that there was a time when fewer people knew how to read and write. Now reading is something everyone does. There's a world of wonderful books out there-old books, new books, e-books-it doesn't matter. They can all help people learn. Sandra: Well, not all books help people learn. Good books do. Host: So, Sandra. How do we know if we're reading a good book or not? What is a good book? Sandra: Well, it depends on what you're looking for, but one thing is clear: good books are inspiring. A lot of famous people who achieved great things were inspired by a certain book during a key period in their life-usually when they were young. Peter: Right. I remember the famous British science fiction writer Arthur C. Clarke once said, "I'mrather proud of the fact that I know several astronauts who became astronauts through reading my books." Host: That's very interesting! And… 以下是语篇研读： What 本语篇是读好书这一话题的访谈信息。“The Book club”节目主持人 DavidNewton与英语教师 Peter和著名作家 Sandra White就阅读的重要性这个话题进行访谈。主持人抛出马克·吐温的名言“The man who doesn＇t read good books has noadvantage over the man who can＇t read them.＂并询问对这句话的看法。 Peter认为现在每个人都在阅读，世界上有各种各样的书都能帮助人们学习。而 i Sandra认为并不是所有的书对人都有帮助，好书才能够对人有帮助。接着主持人提出问题:“什么是好书？” Sandra指出好书是指能激励人的书，很多成功的人在关键时期，通常是年轻的时候，都被好书影响、激励过。 Why 通过访谈讨论，说明读好书的意义及好书的评判标准，使读者认识到多读好书促进心智发展。 How 本文以访谈节目中三人对话的形式，说明读好书能激励人这个道理。其中用了访谈的功能句、判断与评价的功能句，如明确访谈主题：“Today we're going to discuss how important reading is.”；抛出问题：“…What do you think, Peter?”；转换话题：“So，Sandra. How do we know if we're reading a good book or not？ What is a good book？”；呼应谈话：“That's very interesting! And..”；评价反应：“That's true..I think.＂ ＂Well, it depends on what you're looking for.＂等，使针对主题的访谈顺利展开。用举例的手法如a world of books—old books, new books, e-books说明现在有各种各样的书供人们阅读。访谈引用了名言，如美国著名作家马克·吐温的话＂The man who doesn't read good books has no advantage over the man who can＇tread them.”和英国科幻小说作家 Arthur C. Clarke的话“I'm rather proud of the fact that I know several astronauts who became astronauts through reading my books.＂证明读好书的重要性，使人深思并信服。用被动语态的句子“A lot of famous people who achieved great things were inspired by a certain book during a key period in their life — usually when they were young.”，从而凸显读好书促人成长这一主题意义。

AI语篇研读

完成指令后，只要将语篇文本发送给AI即可迅速得到AI分析后的结果，如果对结果不满意，可以继续与AI对话直至得到想要的结果。

结语

没有结语